Paul Thomas Anderson, The Man Behind 'The Master.'

March 15, 2013

Guest: Paul Thomas Anderson

DAVID BIANCULLI, HOST: This is FRESH AIR. I'm David Bianculli, editor of the website TV Worth Watching, sitting in for Terry Gross. "The Master," the latest film by writer-director Paul Thomas Anderson, has just been released on DVD. He's our guest today in a conversation with Terry recorded last year.

Paul Thomas Anderson's earlier films include "Boogie Nights," "Magnolia," "Punch Drunk Love" and "There Will Be Blood." When "The Master" was released, A.O. Scott in the New York Times called it imposing, confounding and altogether amazing.

"The Master" takes place after World War II, when Freddie Quell, a veteran, is returning home. Played by Joaquin Phoenix, he is mentally unstable and having a hard time fitting in anywhere. He finally stumbles onto a party being held by a cult-like group called The Cause and is taken in by them.

Their leader is the charismatic Lancaster Dodd, played by Philip Seymour Hoffman. Amy Adams please Lancaster's wife, Peggy Dodd, who is suspicious of Freddie Quell. But Lancaster Dodd sample's Freddie's homemade alcohol, befriends him and accepts him into the group, calling him his protégé and guinea pig.

Here's a scene from "The Master." At a gathering of The Cause, a man questions some of the beliefs espoused by Lancaster Dodd in his writings.

(SOUNDBITE OF MOVIE, "THE MASTER")

CHRISTOPHER EVAN WELCH: (As John More) I still find it difficult to see the proof, with regard to past lives that your movement claims.

PHILIP SEYMOUR HOFFMAN: (As Lancaster Dodd) Would you care to submit yourself to processing and look through the telescope, as my friend said?

WELCH: (As More) Perhaps another time. You've also said that these methods, Cause methods, can cure leukemia, according to your book...

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Some forms of leukemia. In being able to access past lives, we are able to treat illnesses that may have started back thousands, even trillions of years.

WELCH: (As character) Trillions?

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) With a T, sir.

WELCH: (As More) The Earth is not understood to be more than a few billion years old.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Well, even the smartest of our current scientists can be fooled, yes.

WELCH: (As More) You can understand skepticism, can you not?

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Yes, yes, yes, for without it, we'd be positives and no negatives, and therefore zero-charge. We must have it.

WELCH: (As More) Good science by definition allows for more than one opinion.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Which is why our gathering of data is so far-reaching.

WELCH: (As More) Otherwise you merely have the will of one man, which is the basis of cult, is it not?

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) It is, it is, and thankfully we are, all of us, working at breakneck speeds and in unison towards capturing the mind's fatal flaws and correcting it back to its inherent state of perfect - whilst righting civilization and eliminating war and poverty, and therefore, the atomic threat.

WELCH: (As More) Well, I find it quite difficult to comprehend, or more to the point believe, that you believe, sir, that time travel hypnosis therapy can bring world peace and cure cancer.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) I have never been to the Pyramids, have you?

WELCH: (As More) No.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) And yet we know that they are there - because learned men have told us so. May I ask: What is your name?

WELCH: (As More) John More.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Mr. More, if I may, is there something frightening to you about The Cause's travels into the past?

WELCH: (As More) Frightening?

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) Yes.

WELCH: (As More) No.

HOFFMAN: (As Dodd) What scares you so much about traveling into the past, sir? Are you afraid that we might discover that our past has been re-shapen, perverted, and perhaps what we think we know of this world is false information?

TERRY GROSS, HOST:

Paul Thomas Anderson, welcome to FRESH AIR. Congratulations on "The Master." It's such a fine film.

PAUL THOMAS ANDERSON: Thanks, Terry.

GROSS: I think that whole idea of former lives is so appealing to some people - the belief that this is one of many incarnations that they have experienced and that they will experience. Did you think a lot about why the idea of reincarnation and former lives is so appealing to people who believe in that?

ANDERSON: Yeah but not a lot because it's a pretty simple one, I think. It's because it's incredibly hopeful. You know, it says that when you're dead, you're not dead, and that's something I can get behind, you know. I mean, I don't want to get into philosophy here, Terry, but, you know, it's kind of - it's a very optimistic thing.

GROSS: So you were in the position, for this movie of, you know, creating a cult or an alternative community, an alternative belief system, whatever you want to call it. And did you do, like, a lot of, you know, reading or research to see what real groups like that were like, not to copy them, but just to get an idea of some of the basic principles or...?

ANDERSON: Yeah, I mean, obviously this - a lot's been made out of the kind of beginning point for what we're modeling off of, was Dianetics, the early days of Dianetics, 1950, kind of a lot of similarities to that, you know.

GROSS: And that was created by L. Ron Hubbard, who later founded Scientology.

ANDERSON: That's right. You know, I'd come across these old newsletters called Abery(ph), which is made by a couple - the Hart(ph) couple down in Arizona. And it was kind of like the best way to inhabit - to try to get to know the people that might have been interested in anything; from handwriting analysis to yoga, to new diets to past lives therapy. You know, this couple, the Harts, were into it all.

GROSS: You know, and they wrote this newsletter that actually went from like around 1951, '52 to like the mid-'60s. And I kind of pored through most of them as much as I could and found it the best way to try to hold hands with the past and kind of get to know these people and what their feelings were, what the kind of ins and outs were amongst these groups.

Can you give a couple of examples of things that you learned from them about beliefs or the kinds of people who subscribed to this newsletter?

ANDERSON: Well, there was a variety of people. I mean, really, like a kind of crazy variety. Like if you'd been a, you know, sort of census-taker, you'd be probably baffled by the wide variety. I mean, I think the most thing in common is they were all white - but rich and poor.

Some people coming back from the war; newly divorced women at the time, in the, sort of, early '50s, a few of those; a lot of engineers; men who were into science fiction or fantasy; people who were just sort of forward thinkers; people, too, that had made their way down to Arizona.

You know, I know a couple people I've talked to, friends of mine, whose parents migrated down to Arizona in the early '50s. There was a kind of wide-open feeling to a lot of the things that I was reading, and a lot of investigation and openness to anything, which felt like, you know, kind of a pre-hippie thinking.

GROSS: So you had to create a series of exercises, processing as it's called in the film, where people are put through things or put through their past lives or put through certain exercises to help, you know, kind of get in touch with their better selves, their higher selves.

And, you know, one of those exercises is just being asked a question and then having to repeat the answer over and over again. So like, say your name, say it again, say it again. Are you thoughtless in your remarks? Do you linger at bus stations for pleasure? Do your past failures bother you? Do your past failures bother you?

How did you come up with that as something that, you know, the leader of this group would put new people through as an almost initiation process into the group.

ANDERSON: Well, it's inspired by the actual questionnaire that's out there, as it relates to Scientology. But I sort of changed it and switched it around. I kind of came to that many, many years ago and actually found it was a great way to just, sort of, start writing, you know, forgetting any implications of making film or story about this. It was really just, like, kind of writer's block and sitting around.

And, sort of, the best way for me to start writing a story is to get two characters talking to each other. And, you know, you need - if you got questions from one, you're going to have to get answers from the other, and you can kind of start to find out who's coming out of you when you're writing, if you know what I mean.

And so I just started doing it as an exercise, and that's probably one of the scenes that I kind of wrote first, in the movie, in the middle - kind of the middle or working from the middle. But I wrote that years and years ago, didn't really know who these people were. So I just started discovering who they were by what their answers would be.

GROSS: So you started writing a scene that had say your name, say it again, without knowing who was in the scene or where it was headed?

ANDERSON: Yeah, but I found out when I was writing it, you know.

GROSS: Throughout the film, I kept asking myself what does the Philip Seymour Hoffman character actually believe. To what extent does he really believe he can take people through their past lives? To what extent does he really believe in past lives? How much is he aware that he's making it up as he goes along? Is he delusional, does he really believe this? And I come with different answers during different parts of the movie.

ANDERSON: Right. Yeah. Well, I think he does - I mean I - listen, I have a lot of faith in that character.

(LAUGHTER)

ANDERSON: I really do believe that he is a scientist, and he's a writer, and he's actually very open, I think, along certain people, about - that we are on a journey, and we are discovering, and we are making this up as we go along. I think when he's comfortable, he does admit that, you know. I don't know what's going on here, but that's the important thing. That's why we're going to roll up our sleeves and do this work and get to the bottom of human existence and get us all back to our inherent state of perfect.

I think he's very open about that, until he gets put into a corner, sort of face-to-face with some kind of skepticism and somebody that wants to say otherwise. And then he probably asserts himself as knowing much more than he does, or that he feels that he does.

And I've always sort of felt with this guy, that the pressure's on. You know, at a certain point, it's a very difficult position to be in. The more people that are around or following you, the harder it becomes to say I don't know what's going on, let's keep discovering, let's keep that journey going.

BIANCULLI: Screenwriter and director Paul Thomas Anderson speaking to Terry Gross last year. More after a break. This is FRESH AIR.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

BIANCULLI: This is FRESH AIR. Let's get back to Terry's 2012 interview with writer and director Paul Thomas Anderson, whose films include "Boogie Nights," and "There Will Be Blood." His latest film, "The Master," is now out on DVD.

GROSS: Now, you wrote the part of "The Master," the cult leader, with Philip Seymour Hoffman in mind. The first time you used him, you know, that you worked with him was in "Boogie Nights," where he's a member of the film crew that's shooting the porn films, and he has a crush on the porn star, Dirk Diggler. The Hoffman character is gay, but he's also, he's very awkward, he's very uncomfortable. I think he's very uncomfortable in his own body.

He's - he comes off as a weak person, and now you've made him into such a kind of strong person. It's interesting that you've seen both sides of him as an actor and seen both capabilities in him.

ANDERSON: Well, I know he's my friend, but I have to say there is just nothing he can't do. I just, I feel so lucky to have met Phil and hooked up with him. You know, I can remember, you know, growing up, all I wanted to do was make films. You sort of imagine yourself on the set making movies with, you know, a camera and lights.

And you sort of imagine as a kid you're going to be sort of, I don't know, making Westerns outside. Never in my fantasy did I see anybody that looked like Phil Hoffman being a part of that picture. But here we are, and somewhere along the way I found this actor who I just think can do anything. And I - he's capable of so much that you can throw anything at him.

GROSS: One of the things he does in the film is blush, and it's so interesting when he blushes. Like, he plays a character who's obviously a kind of a narcissistic character. He kind of loves himself and believes in himself. And there's times when he's blushing when he's talking to his followers in this cult where it's almost like he's thinking to himself: Gosh, it's just so embarrassing to be this wise and this sensitive.

(LAUGHTER)

GROSS: And I don't know, as an actor, like, how do you control when you blush. I don't know how you do that.

(LAUGHTER)

ANDERSON: Yeah, you know, I don't know if you can, but I wouldn't put it past Phil for being able to control when he can blush. Some of these actors have skills with their body and their faces and their words and - that is kind of beyond comprehension. It's wild.

GROSS: Would you watch him and think oh God, you're blushing at exactly the right moment?

ANDERSON: I don't - which part? You know what I mean? I think that, you know, whether he can blush or not is really just I think what you said more directly is that kind of great thing that his character does. His kind of joy in his intelligence, his joy in discovery, his humility, I think Phil's playing that, somebody who's so good with words, who loves words, you know, who absolutely never met a word that he didn't like or couldn't use or kind of flip it around like a pancake.

GROSS: So the Philip Seymour Hoffman character is kind of corpulent and full of life and so social that he has followers, whereas the Joaquin Phoenix character is kind of wizened. He's survived World War II, but he's certainly not mentally intact. We don't know how he went into the war, but he certainly didn't come out of it very well.

His spine is twisted and his posture almost bizarre. And he holds his hands on his hips with his shoulders pulled, like, coming forward, and he's all bent over is almost like a physical expression of his inner anguish and dislocation, things that he doesn't have the words to express. How much of that did he come up with himself, that posture? And even his mouth his twisted. He talks out of the side of his mouth, through his teeth.

ANDERSON: All of it, all of it. At a certain point, kind of early on, I think Joaquin let me know that actually his shoulder is kind of bent a bit, I think from birth he's got a kind of messy shoulder. And he's probably spent a lot of time trying to hide it or stand up straight so that if he can, kind of, twist his body around.

And he sort of said: Do you think it would be all right if I do this? And I said sure, great. But a couple days into the film, he just sort of was feeling more comfortable and just kept sliding into this skin that he was doing, this, kind of, this movements that were so incredible. I just didn't want to jinx anything and say what are you doing or what's going on, you know, it's going to...

You're in the middle of make-believe. You don't want to break the spell. You just kind of want to watch him do whatever he's doing. And I kind of had my own theories about it because he puts his hands on his hips, and this sort of stuff about his kidneys being all torn up from the war, maybe something happened, maybe it's just easier.

Maybe it's comfortable for him to kind of reach back and hold his kidneys and help him stand. But then again yeah, there's always that thing, you know, sort of the way somebody holds himself is an extension of what their - what's going on with them on the inside.

GROSS: It must have been so interesting for you, as the writer and director, to see the physical interpretation that Joaquin Phoenix brought to the role, which is not something that you had put in the script.

ANDERSON: Yeah, but thrilling, great, so exciting. You know, you hope for that kind of thing. You hope for an inventive actor to come along and make it, not just three-dimensional but, you know, five-dimensional, six dimensions. You know, and that's what he does.

He's that kind of guy. He's that kind of actor. He'll do crazy things, and he'll either be right or wrong, but they're worth trying. He's amazing to work with, amazing.

GROSS: So there's a scene that I think is destined to be famous in the way are you talking to me is famous from "Taxi Driver." And I don't want to give away the details of the scene, but I'll just say the Philip Seymour Hoffman character and the Joaquin Phoenix character are in jail in adjoining cells. And they just get into this, like, cursing match.

(LAUGHTER)

GROSS: And it's - other things are happening in the scene, too. It's really like a very emotional scene from one person who is always emotional and from somebody else who prides himself on restraining his emotions. And I'm wondering, like, what you can tell us about the genesis of that scene and how much of it surprised you.

ANDERSON: Well, it had been a scene - my memory of that scene was something that I had about five or six ideas about what would happen when the two of them were put in a jail cell together. And it was probably the one thing that we worked on together, the three of us, and talked about and never really kind of reached an exact solid conclusion, which was kind of great.

You know, we talked about a lot of different possibilities, which left it open to let's see what happens. But I think the agreement was - is that what would be nice is if it just kind of dissolves quite quickly into, like, really a childish lovers' spat, where everybody just goes from zero to 60 suddenly, and you're just sort of screaming obscenities at each other and nonsense, you know, that it just sort of - it just dissolves into schoolyard stuff.

GROSS: But, you know, just to back up a second, you know, Philip Seymour Hoffman, one of his principles is like we are not animals, we should never give in to animal instincts. And the Joaquin Phoenix is all about giving in to instincts, that's all he is instinct. And they're both kind of like animals now because they're both in cages, and one of them is trying to, you know, maintain his principles, and the other is just kind of giving in to emotion.

And so Joaquin Phoenix, he's so wound up and so upset and angry to be in prison, there's a bunk bed in his cell, and he sticks his head in between the two bunks, and he starts, like, banging his head on the bottom of the upper bunk, banging his whole back and head against it in a way that, like, I don't know, that has to hurt.

And then he kind of like kicks in the toilet, and the whole toilet falls apart. And I couldn't help but wonder: Did you know that was going to happen?

ANDERSON: No, you don't really know a lot of times what's going to happen with Joaquin or Freddie. But I knew something was going to happen. I knew, you know, it was the first take, and I said, you know, we just had looked at each other, you agree, OK, you're going to in there, and, you know, you're not going to like being there. So let's see what happens.

And they put him in there, and he did what he did. Unfortunately that was a historical toilet, I'm not making a joke about that. We were shooting down in San Pedro and kind of a very historic jail cell. And the guys heard that toilet smash, and they came over, and they said what is going on in here. That's a historical toilet. There's not another one like it.

BIANCULLI: Writer-director Paul Thomas Anderson speaking to Terry Gross last year. His latest film "The Master" is now out on DVD. We'll continue their conversation in the second half of the show. I'm David Bianculli, and this is FRESH AIR.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

BIANCULLI: This is FRESH AIR. I'm David Bianculli, in for Terry Gross. We're listening back to Terry's 2012 conversation with Paul Thomas Anderson, who directed "Hard Eight," "Boogie Nights," "Magnolia" and "There Will Be Blood." They're talking about his latest film, "The Master," which is now out on DVD. Anderson shot it on 65 millimeter. Set mostly in 1950, it stars Philip Seymour Hoffman as the leader of a cult called The Cause and Joaquin Phoenix as a troubled World War II veteran who makes his way into the group. Amy Adams co-stars, playing the wife of Hoffman's cult leader.

GROSS: In "The Master," Amy Adams plays the wife of the cult leader, and she's like his third or fourth wife. But through his group, through his cult called The Cause, he's perfected marriage. Marriage is better now than it used to be.

(LAUGHTER)

GROSS: He tells that to everybody. But anyway, she's really like the power behind him in some ways. She has this like odd kind of control. And she was recently on our show.

ANDERSON: Mm-hmm.

GROSS: And we were talking about a scene - and the story behind the scene really surprised me. There's a scene in which she has to read a page of like Victorian pornography to the Joaquin Phoenix character...

ANDERSON: Yeah.

GROSS: ...to this lost soul who is now, you know, on the fringes of this cult. And she's trying to desensitize him to his sexual obsessions.

ANDERSON: Right.

GROSS: And what she told me was that you came on the set one day, that that scene had not been on the script. You came on the set, gave her this page of a book to read and said OK, read it...

(LAUGHTER)

GROSS: ...and that was her preparation. So tell us the story from your point of view.

ANDERSON: It's pretty close to that. You know, we had a sequence in the film where that, the sequence that you're referring to, where some things were written and some things were just kind of very loosely sketched out and I knew I wanted to collect a lot of different things. I had a kind of list of different exercises that I'd either made up or pulled from different sources or stored in the back of my mind. That day in particular was a day where a bunch of our cameras had broke. We were shooting these 65 millimeter cameras and we were supposed to do a scene and the cameras broke. So we kind of found ourselves with about three or four hours while those cameras were getting fixed where we could shoot with this other smaller camera, a regular traditional 35 millimeter camera.

Amy was around and I presented this idea to her. I think we tried it with some other people too doing it just to see how it worked and it wasn't as effective. And I kind of thought that the best idea was to have Amy do it, probably just the perverse thrill of seeing her character read these kind of really dirty, dirty, dirty words.

(LAUGHTER)

ANDERSON: You know, there's something great about that. So we found, I remember this book, this Victorian, porn, kind of an X-rated book from a long time ago called "The Pearl." We tried to find it online, we couldn't find it and, you know, clock's ticking and we needed something to shoot and we found some Victorian porn online and printed it out and then found the sections that we liked and made us laugh, and had her read it. And yeah, it was really hard not to laugh. I had to step out of the room. She did great. It was funny.

(LAUGHTER)

GROSS: Did you really?

ANDERSON: Yeah. Oh god, yeah, it was great. Really fun.

GROSS: So the film opens in the final days of World War II just as the war is ending, and then it kind of jumps ahead to 1950. Why did you want to set it then?

ANDERSON: You know, why wouldn't you? It's a great, you know, just on the surface level that time is so great. I mean just from a kind of pure, cars and girls and outfits and hairdos and music point of view, on that real simple level that's just like, you know, delicious time, you know, for making a film. You know, I just love that era, I always have, it was kind of my dad's era I think in terms of, certainly in terms of music and coming back from the war. You know, all the songs of that period I grew up listening to with my dad, driving around.

GROSS: Well, you mentioned the songs from the period. You use some songs from the period in the soundtrack. And I want to play an excerpt of one of them. This is probably my favorite of the songs that you use. It's "No Other Love." Jo Stafford's singing.

ANDERSON: Mm-hmm.

GROSS: So you knew the song from your father?

ANDERSON: That one, not from my dad but that, you know, that one - I don't know where I came up with that one, initially, but that's - and there's a kind of the piano chords are actually it's a Chopin piece that somebody put lyrics to, basically, and...

GROSS: I am aware of that.

ANDERSON: ...I don't know where I came up with this one. A couple of years ago I found, it was seven or eight years ago I first heard this. But Jo Stafford is just the greatest and that there is and - to my mind, she's probably my favorite singer of that period.

GROSS: So let's play Jo Stafford's recording of "No Other Love," which you use in the movie. But you were saying you knew you wanted to use this at some point and you were just waiting? Is that - did I get the right impression?

ANDERSON: Yeah. Definitely. This is one that you don't let get away, you know, and I had a few different songs that I would listen to while I was writing the movie or getting it together or filming it. And you're never exactly sure which one might work or not, you know, and this one just rose to the top for sure as a kind of the way that it moved, the way that it felt and, you know, obvious sort of connotations in the lyrics, how it could fit the relationship of these two men and how they feel about each other. Also just really nice to have a woman's voice come in, like - as a nice feeling to the film after these - it's so kind of boy heavy between the two of them, you know, it's really nice having this sort of angel voice come in over the film.

GROSS: So this is Jo Stafford "No Other Love," and it's on the soundtrack of Paul Thomas Anderson's new movie "The Master."

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "NO OTHER LOVE")

JO STAFFORD: (Singing) No other love can warm my heart, now that I've known the comfort of your arms. No other love. Oh, the sweet contentment that I find with you. Every time, every time.

(Singing) No other lips could want you more. For I was born to glory in your kiss...

GROSS: That's Jo Stafford singing "No Other Love" and it's used on the soundtrack of the new movie "The Master." My guest is the writer and director of the film, Paul Thomas Anderson, who also made "Boogie Nights," "Magnolia" and "There Will Be Blood."

Are there movies that you looked at or illustrations that you looked at to immerse yourself in what the period looked like and what 1950 looked like?

ANDERSON: Well, yeah. I mean, we got into the 70 - the 65 millimeter business - just because, you know, you'd see - like "North By Northwest" or "Vertigo" had those kind of wonderful colors, sort of - but that - those are - you know, those are designed films of that period. You know, is that an exact accurate representation of what 1952 really looked like? I don't know. Maybe it is.

I mean, there's - you can find color photographs in that era and hopefully they're kind of snapshots or portrait photos. Those are the kinds of things that we looked at, you know, those kinds of things that you go into a department store and get your picture taken, you know, in your wedding gown or with your family and you're all dressed up in the same kind of outfits and stuff like that. Those somehow were the most kind of candid and revealing and helped you, you know, time travel, sort of get in, look at these faces, look at that period, look at that era and try and kind of imagine not just what was happening when the picture was taken but what would happen right after the picture was taken.

GROSS: Well, you know, the Joaquin Phoenix character is a photographer in a department store briefly and takes the kind of photographs that you're describing, and I felt like I knew all those photographs.

ANDERSON: Right.

GROSS: There's the one - everyone will recognize this. It's like the three brothers in size place - like the three young boys in size place order in a horizontal - like sitting in a horizontal line with that kind of smeary-colored backdrop behind them. I mean...

ANDERSON: Yeah. It's all about the backdrop, I have to say. There's a yellow backdrop that just sort of, you know, does all the work for you and you just get a really large light and you aim it directly at the subject. We were taking real photographs and just kind of trying to emulate them, and I have to say, you know, I'm very proud of those. They're sort of a combination of things really coming together with the costumes being right and the haircuts right.

And the faces of these - those boys and other people there and - you know, they don't make faces like they used to. It's funny. You know, you have to search them out. You have to find them. I wanted to put my own kids in there, but I couldn't. You know, my kids don't look like they live in 1950.

GROSS: So you mentioned that you knew a lot of music from this period from your father. Did he fight in World War II?

ANDERSON: He was there. He was in the Navy stationed mainly in Guam. I don't think he did any fighting. I think he was trying - he was fixing airplanes and knew just where the beer was stashed and played the saxophone...

(LAUGHTER)

ANDERSON: ...in bands and stuff like that. You know, every picture I have of him he's on a, he's that a beer in his hand. Every single picture from the war he's got - so he was pretty good about probably finding ways to get out of fighting. But again, you know, we never really talked that much about it.

GROSS: So there weren't images that you used in the movie that were based on experiences that he shared with you?

ANDERSON: No, not that he shared with me. Some of the photographs of him on the beach he sort of stuck in my mind's eye. You know one of the stories in the film, it comes from Jason Robards, who famously fought in the war, was in the Navy. He...

GROSS: And he starred in your movie "Magnolia."

ANDERSON: Yeah, that's right. It was, I worked with him in "Magnolia" and he told me the story of coming back. I don't remember what boat he was on, but he was coming back, and V-J Day was announced, and they'd run out of booze. And they broke into the torpedoes and drank the booze out of there. And the way he tells it is he woke up the next morning on the mast of the ship, you know, and an inch either way he would have fallen to his death. And that story just stuck with me as a great story and something to get into a film.

GROSS: That's a very disorienting image when you see Joaquin Phoenix on the top of the mast. It's just a really odd angle.

ANDERSON: Mm-hmm.

GROSS: So he drank booze from the torpedoes? I don't...

ANDERSON: It was ethanol I think that helped propel...

GROSS: Oh, OK.

ANDERSON: ...the torpedoes and make it move. You know, yeah. Well, I think...

GROSS: Yeah, there's some pretty raunchy paint thinner kind of rot gut in your film.

ANDERSON: I think the idea with ethanol is that if you put just a few drops and then squeeze as many coconuts or papaya, whatever you've taken back with you from the islands; you sort of 99 percent juice and maybe one percent ethanol. You'll get a pretty good buzz.

BIANCULLI: Screenwriter and director Paul Thomas Anderson speaking to Terry Gross in 2012. More after a break. This is FRESH AIR.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

BIANCULLI: This is FRESH AIR. Let's get back to filmmaker Paul Thomas Anderson and his 2012 conversation with Terry Gross. Anderson wrote and directed "Boogie Nights," "There Will Be Blood," and his latest film, "The Master," which is now out on DVD.

GROSS: Now, we've talked about this a little bit before, but your late father, Ernie Anderson, was a horror movie host. He was the character Ghoulardi, who would introduce horror films on television, and he was also the ABC announcer who used to do the coming ups for all the shows, so it would be - why don't you say it? You'll do it better than me.

ANDERSON: You know, it'd be like, this week - this week Balki gets a headache on "Perfect Strangers," you know, that kind of thing, you know, or "The Love Boat."

GROSS: Yeah, yeah. Do "The Love Boat."

ANDERSON: "The Love Boat."

GROSS: Yeah.

ANDERSON: I can't do it well. Well, my brother can do it really well. My brother has a voice like my dad. You know, "Mork and Mindy," all these, like, TV shows from the mid-'70s. "Vegas" was the other one. Remember that Robert Urich show, "Vegas"? They used to have this thing about my dad, this joke. They'd say, what's it like when you go to breakfast? Does he say, I'll have two eggs, hash browns and toast?

(LAUGHTER)

ANDERSON: Somewhere out there there's a great blooper reel of my dad, you know, sitting at this mic, reminds of sort of growing up, too, because I'd go with him to ABC and I just loved it, loved, you know, watching people work the gear and work with him and record these things and, you know, it was a step towards what I wanted to do, sort of being in that world. I mean, just sort of being around technicians and moving parts of machines and things like that, microphones and, you know, video rolling, and I just loved it. Amazing, amazing. It brings back memories, sitting in front of a microphone like this.

GROSS: Because your father showed horror movies on TV, did you grow up with a lot of horror films?

ANDERSON: Not really. No. He didn't - we didn't watch them at home or anything like that. I think he did that gig and that was what it was. His preference for films were more Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, things like Preston Sturges, "His Girl Friday," and anything, absolutely anything with Spencer Tracy. "Captain Courageous." That was another one of his favorite films. So he had tastes more like that than kind of B-horror stuff.

GROSS: So he should have been on Turner Classic Movies?

ANDERSON: Absolutely. You know, Turner Classics used to AMC. I think it was, you know, AMC, and we would watch that together. And now, to this day, that's kind of my biggest source of inspiration. We've talked about it.

You know, just having Turner Classics on around all the time as a kind of like muzak in your house is - it's great. You can - you know, the ability to see all this stuff that you'd never be able to find or dig through if it wasn't for Turner Classic Movies. God, long may they wave. I hope they never go away.

GROSS: Yeah, yeah, me, too. Me, too. Visually, "The Master" has a lot of very, like, saturated color. A lot of men wearing blue suits, and it's not just like blue. It's like blue. This is, like, a really saturated blue that really - it's beautiful, but it really kind of like pops from the screen.

And there are, like, golden yellow colors that are just, like, so rich, and a pair of red pajamas that he's wearing that are so very red. So when you're looking for that kind of super-saturated color, is that a question of just, like, getting the right fabric or is that something special that's happening with the lighting, with the film stock?

ANDERSON: I think all of the above, really. I think the first thing you ask yourself is, are we really going to do these red pajamas? You know, is this character - would this character wear these red pajamas? And then, if the answer is yes, you kind of are aware of what's going on and that fabric's there.

You know, a lot of it depends on the speed of the film. We shoot with very slow speed film, 50 ASA, which really sort of means you've got to kind of pump about 1,000 degrees of lights in there and it gets very hot, sort of an old-fashioned way of working.

But it means that the colors tend to be very strong and solid and kind of jump out at you, hopefully, in not too distracting a way, I hope, but kind of puts you right there. You know, there's 65 millimeter stuff too, so you know, I dare say, you know, a monkey could make something look good with these cameras.

I mean, really, they're just so strong and beautiful and the lenses, and it's a combination of all these things. You know, and when you get it right, it really feels good and when you get it wrong, you kind of can see it. You notice it.

GROSS: So the movie opens with a shot of kind of swirling ocean water and that shot is, like, reprised much deeper into the film.

ANDERSON: Yeah.

GROSS: And it's a beautiful shot and of course, like, you know, the ocean makes you think of the continuity. First of all, the opening shot is in the South Pacific as the war ends, but it's also like, you know, the continuity. The ocean is always there, has always been there, and it's like swirling water.

ANDERSON: So there's just something, like, boiling under the surface - you get the feeling of. But I kept thinking, like, I wonder if that's really the ocean or if he's, like, in a huge bathtub with, like, super blue water just making it swirl exactly like he wants it to.

Yeah, yeah. Or that it's like a computer that just made some waves. Right? No. Yeah. That's - we were on a boat out in the Pacific. I say the Pacific. We were only about two or three miles off the coast and it was that time of day when the sun was not directly overhead.

It was probably about 10:30, and just the angle of the way that it was hitting the water, you looked off the back of the ship and that's what you saw. So we just pointed the camera down at it and it was so hypnotic, so beautiful to look at, kind of endless. We kind of put it on in the editing room. We'd sort of see it up on the big screen and you'd just feel yourself being hypnotized by it.

And it reminded me - I kind of - I remember as a kid going to Pearl Harbor and they have that monument that you can go to. It made such an impression on me. You sort of look down into the water. You see these fishes moving around and, you know, to think about what happened there and all those bodies and all that stuff and all these kind of things that have gone into the water.

It's a thought that always sticks with me, a thought that always sticks with me when I do go into the ocean, when I go swimming. You know, all that's happened and all that's beneath the surface and things coming and going. I don't know. It gets you - it gets you in a good place of thinking about things in a wider way - to me, anyway.

GROSS: Well, Paul Thomas Anderson, thank you so much for coming back to FRESH AIR. I really appreciate it.

ANDERSON: It's always great to talk to you, Terry. Thank you.

BIANCULLI: Paul Thomas Anderson speaking to Terry Gross in 2012. He wrote and directed "The Master" which is now out on DVD. Coming up, film critic David Edelstein reviews three new movies centering on female friendships. This is FRESH AIR.

DAVID BIANCULLI, HOST: There current films centering on female friendship - "Spring Breakers," "Ginger & Rosa" and "Beyond the Hills" - caught the attention of film critic David Edelstein this week. Here's his review.

DAVID EDELSTEIN, BYLINE: In the '60s, some fervent rock groupies formed a band called the GTOs, short for Girls Together Outrageously. And while it didn't last, the name captures the impulse behind stories in which women chafe against the male society that pulls their strings. This week, you can see a girls-together-outrageously triple bill: "Spring Breakers," "Ginger & Rosa" and "Beyond the Hills."

The most obviously outrageous is Harmony Korine's "Spring Breakers," an R-rated beach-party picture with three starlets from the Disney megaverse: Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Benson and Selena Gomez - plus Korine's wife, Rachel. They're college girls who long to be liberated from school, to head to Florida, have sex and do drugs.

They rob a diner, jump on a bus and, after assorted sordid escapades, end up in the clutches of James Franco as a silver-toothed drug dealer, who exploits them until he recognizes in them a subversiveness similar to his own.

Korine is an art-house darling, and doubtless thinks he's parodying girls-gone-wild pictures while delivering one that's like "Where the Boys Are" on acid. It's among the skeeviest films I've ever seen: The camera glides up, down and around these women's bodies like a giant tongue.

Hudgens, Benson and Gomez are good actresses and manage to convey genuine emotion - especially Gomez, as the hitherto obedient Catholic girl. But what's clearly their attempt to free themselves from the shackles of corporate teen celebrity backfires. Korine exploits them more than their Disney overlords.

Sally Potter's "Ginger & Rosa" is an arty feminist answer to "Spring Breakers," insofar as it shows how counterculture males preaching liberation from patriarchal strictures still take advantage of young girls. The film is a mite heavy-handed, opening with the A-bomb blast at Hiroshima, while its bulk takes place during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.

Elle Fanning is Ginger, whose lefty-pacifist father, played by Alessandro Nivola, guiltlessly cheats on Ginger's tearful mom, played Christina Hendricks. He calls screwing around a political act. Ginger's central bond isn't with her mother, but with her intimate friend, Rosa, played by Alice Englert. They soak together in a tub - they're actually shrinking their blue jeans - and read magazines.

(SOUNDBITE OF MOVIE, "GINGER & ROSA")

ALICE ENGERT: (as Ginger) It says here that a girl's most important possession is a bubbly personality.

ELLE FANNING: (as Rosa) Interesting. Do you think Simone de Beauvoir has a bubbly personality?

ENGERT: (as Ginger) Who?

FANNING: (as Rosa) That French writer. She's an existentialist.

ENGERT: (as Ginger) Maybe she hasn't read "Girl." It says here that boys don't like girls who are too serious.

FANNING: (as Rosa) Oh. Well, even so, did I tell you I've decided to be a poet?

ENGERT: (as Rosa) I thought you were already. Do you think they're shrunk enough yet?

EDELSTEIN: Ginger is the existentialist and activist, while Rosa follows the dictates of men and believes in obedience to God. The friendship is already splintering when Rosa gravitates to Ginger's dad, who takes up with her with enthusiasm. This is the way the world ends, reads Ginger out loud in bed while her father and her friend make love next door. Not with a bang but a - and here Rosa whimpers. So Ginger's fear of global annihilation becomes tangled up in grief at the loss of her best friend.

I don't like Potter's self-consciously claustrophobic framing, but Elle Fanning is stunning. Under flaming red hair, she has porcelain skin and soft, sensual eyes. She makes a transfixing portrait of girlish alienation.

"Beyond the Hills" is by Romanian director Cristian Mungiu, who made the creepy-crawly and enraging abortion drama "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days." This is his creepy-crawly, enraging exorcism drama.

Like "Ginger & Rosa," it centers on two friends. Alina, played by Cristina Flutur, is a damaged free spirit, Voichita, played by Cosmina Stratan, a novice Orthodox nun. They had an emotional and likely sexual connection growing up in an orphanage, but Voichita is now under the rule of a priest called Papa.

And the more Voichita refuses her friend's entreaties to run away, the more distraught Alina, who's visiting the convent, becomes. Finally, Papa and the nuns tie her down, starve her and try to exorcise her so-called demon. Mungiu based "Beyond the Hills" on a true story, though he soft-pedals the degree of sexual abuse the girl based on Alina suffered in the orphanage.

But there's no ambiguity: The more she acts out, the more outraged Papa becomes. It's a long and grueling film with a haunting, wide-screen palette, stark and oppressive, but teeming with veiled women who come and go like puppets. These are wildly different films, yet they share a common impulse: to demonstrate indelibly how for girls, behaving outrageously is still a political act.

BIANCULLI: David Edelstein is film critic for New York Magazine. You can download podcasts of our show at fresh.npr.org and follow us on Twitter @nprfreshair, and on Tumblr at nprfreshair.tumblr.com.

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